In nonrelativistic models of nuclei, the underlying mass scales of low-energyquantum chromodynamics (QCD) are largely hidden. In contrast, the covariantformulations used in relativistic phenomenology manifest the QCD scales innuclei through large Lorentz scalar and four-vector nucleon self-energies. Theabundant and varied evidence in support of this connection and the consequencesare reviewed.
展开▼